

郭亞龍
博士 研究員 博士生導師
中國科學院植物所 系統與進化植物學國家重點實驗室
主要研究方向是植物適應性進化,具體包括三個方面的研究工作:1)進化基因組學;2)自交不親和系統的進化及物種形成;3)自然變異及適應性進化。
個性化簽名
- 姓名:郭亞龍
- 目前身份:在職研究人員
- 擔任導師情況:博士生導師
- 學位:博士
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學術頭銜:
博士生導師
- 職稱:高級-研究員
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學科領域:
植物學
- 研究興趣:主要研究方向是植物適應性進化,具體包括三個方面的研究工作:1)進化基因組學;2)自交不親和系統的進化及物種形成;3)自然變異及適應性進化。
郭亞龍,中國科學院植物研究所研究員、博士生導師。1998年在西北師范大學獲學士學位,2001年在蘭州大學獲碩士學位,2005年在中科院植物所獲博士學位。2005年至2011年在德國馬普發育生物學研究所做博士后研究。2012年獲得國家自然科學基金委“優秀青年科學基金”項目資助;2019年獲得國家自然科學基金委“杰出青年科學基金”項目資助;2019年獲得吳征鎰植物學獎“青年創新獎”。目前擔任中國科學院大學崗位教授;《Journal of Systematics and Evolution》副主編,《Journal of Integrative Plant Biology》、《BMC Plant Biology》、《植物學報》及《生物多樣性》編委;國際擬南芥指導委員會( The Multinational Arabidopsis Steering Committee)自然變異與比較基因組學分會(Natural variation and comparative genomics)共同主席,系統與進化植物學專業委員會委員。主要研究方向是植物適應性進化,具體包括三個方面的研究工作:1)進化基因組學;2)自交不親和系統的進化及物種形成;3)自然變異及適應性進化。
主要研究工作:
1.進化基因組學
利用全基因組測序的手段,結合進化基因組學、群體遺傳學及生物信息學等多學科的方法,重點探討基因組進化的規律和機制,包括基因組大小的變異(Hu et al., 2011, Nature Genetics)、基因的重復和丟失(Guo et al., 2011, Plant Physiology; Guo, 2013, Plant Journal)、基因的起源(Li et al., 2016, Genome Biology and Evolution)、假基因化(Xu et al., 2019, Plant Cell)、轉座子的擴增和丟失(Li et al., 2018, Genome Biology and Evolution)及植物里受平衡選擇的基因(Wu et al., 2017, Genome Biology)等。研究的類群以十字花科的擬南芥及其近緣種以及禾本科的水稻及其近緣種為主。
2.自交不親和系統的進化及物種形成
自交不親和(self-incompatibility, SI)在很多有花植物中都存在,它的遺傳決定位點被稱為自交不親和位點(S locus)。植物可以通過排斥自己的或與自己具有類似自交不親和位點的花粉從而保持異交。通過群體遺傳學、比較基因組學及分子遺傳學方法來揭示自交不親和位點進化的基本規律及其對物種形成的貢獻(Guo et al., 2009, PNAS; Guo et al., 2011, Plant Physiology)。對自交不親和系統的進化及功能方面的深入研究不僅具有重要的理論價值,而且對育種科學有重大的應用價值。下一步的研究主要從物種形成方面展開,重點探討生殖隔離的形成機制及其與物種形成的關系。
3.自然變異及適應性進化
適應性是生物在變化多樣的環境中生存下來的最重要的能力。動物在極端環境下可以逃走而植物卻不能。從進化生物學、生態學及分子遺傳學各個角度來研究自然變異的規律和機制,進而揭示植物如何適應環境(Guo et al., 2012, Genetics; Han et al., 2015, Molecular Plant; Zou et al., 2017, Genome Biology; Yang et al., 2018, Plant Cell; Niu et al., 2019, PNAS)。
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【期刊論文】Evolution of genes and genomes in the genomics era
Science China Life Sciences,2020,63():602–605
2020年03月13日
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【期刊論文】Transcriptional repression specifies the central cell for double fertilization
PNAS,2020,117(11):6231-6236
2020年03月17日
Double fertilization is a key innovation for the evolutionary success of angiosperms by which the two fertilized female gametes, the egg cell and central cell, generate the embryo and endosperm, respectively. The female gametophyte (embryo sac) enclosed in the sporophyte is derived from a one-celled haploid cell lineage. It undergoes successive events of mitotic divisions, cellularization, and cell specification to give rise to the mature embryo sac, which contains the two female gametes accompanied by two types of accessory cells, namely synergids and antipodals. How the cell fate of the central cell is specified has long been equivocal and is further complicated by the structural diversity of female gametophyte across plant taxa. Here, MADS-box protein AGL80 was verified as a transcriptional repressor that directly suppresses the expression of accessory cell-specific genes to specify the central cell. Further genetic rescue and phylogenetic assay of the AGL80 orthologs revealed a possible conserved mechanism in the Brassicaceae family. Results from this study provide insight into the molecular determination of the second female gamete cell in Brassicaceae.
double fertilization, central cell specification, central cell evolution, transcriptional repression
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【期刊論文】The hornwort genome and early land plant evolution
Nature Plants,2020,6():pages 107–
2020年02月10日
Hornworts, liverworts and mosses are three early diverging clades of land plants, and together comprise the bryophytes. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of the hornwort Anthoceros angustus. Phylogenomic inferences confirm the monophyly of bryophytes, with hornworts sister to liverworts and mosses. The simple morphology of hornworts correlates with low genetic redundancy in plant body plan, while the basic transcriptional regulation toolkit for plant development has already been established in this early land plant lineage. Although the Anthoceros genome is small and characterized by minimal redundancy, expansions are observed in gene families related to RNA editing, UV protection and desiccation tolerance. The genome of A. angustus bears the signatures of horizontally transferred genes from bacteria and fungi, in particular of genes operating in stress-response and metabolic pathways. Our study provides insight into the unique features of hornworts and their molecular adaptations to live on land.
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【期刊論文】Transposable elements drive rapid phenotypic variation in Capsella rubella
PNAS,2019,116(14):6908-6913
2019年04月02日
Rapid phenotypic changes in traits of adaptive significance are crucial for organisms to thrive in changing environments. How such phenotypic variation is achieved rapidly, despite limited genetic variation in species that experience a genetic bottleneck is unknown. Capsella rubella, an annual and inbreeding forb (Brassicaceae), is a great system for studying this basic question. Its distribution is wider than those of its congeneric species, despite an extreme genetic bottleneck event that severely diminished its genetic variation. Here, we demonstrate that transposable elements (TEs) are an important source of genetic variation that could account for its high phenotypic diversity. TEs are (i) highly enriched in C. rubella compared with its outcrossing sister species Capsella grandiflora, and (ii) 4.2% of polymorphic TEs in C. rubella are associated with variation in the expression levels of their adjacent genes. Furthermore, we show that frequent TE insertions at FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) in natural populations of C. rubella could explain 12.5% of the natural variation in flowering time, a key life history trait correlated with fitness and adaptation. In particular, we show that a recent TE insertion at the 3′ UTR of FLC affects mRNA stability, which results in reducing its steady-state expression levels, to promote the onset of flowering. Our results highlight that TE insertions can drive rapid phenotypic variation, which could potentially help with adaptation to changing environments in a species with limited standing genetic variation.
Brassicaceae, Capsella rubella, natural variation, rapid phenotypic variation, transposable elements
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【期刊論文】Cysteine-rich peptides promote interspecific genetic isolation in Arabidopsis
Science,2019,364(6443):eaau9564
2019年05月31日
Reproductive isolation is a prerequisite for speciation. Failure of communication between female tissues of the pistil and paternal pollen tubes imposes hybridization barriers in flowering plants. Arabidopsis thaliana LURE1 (AtLURE1) peptides and their male receptor PRK6 aid attraction of the growing pollen tube to the ovule. Here, we report that the knockout of the entire AtLURE1 gene family did not affect fertility, indicating that AtLURE1-PRK6–mediated signaling is not required for successful fertilization within one Arabidopsis species. AtLURE1s instead function as pollen tube emergence accelerators that favor conspecific pollen over pollen from other species and thus promote reproductive isolation. We also identified maternal peptides XIUQIU1 to -4, which attract pollen tubes regardless of species. Cooperation between ovule attraction and pollen tube growth acceleration favors conspecific fertilization and promotes reproductive isolation.
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The Plant Cell,2019,31():1012–1025
2019年05月01日
According to the less-is-more hypothesis, gene loss is an engine for evolutionary change. Loss-of-function (LoF) mutations resulting in the natural knockout of protein-coding genes not only provide information about gene function but also play important roles in adaptation and phenotypic diversification. Although the less-is-more hypothesis was proposed two decades ago, it remains to be explored on a large scale. In this study, we identified 60,819 LoF variants in 1071 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genomes and found that 34% of Arabidopsis protein-coding genes annotated in the Columbia-0 genome do not have any LoF variants. We found that nucleotide diversity, transposable element density, and gene family size are strongly correlated with the presence of LoF variants. Intriguingly, 0.9% of LoF variants with minor allele frequency larger than 0.5% are associated with climate change. In addition, in the Yangtze River basin population, 1% of genes with LoF mutations were under positive selection, providing important insights into the contribution of LoF mutations to adaptation. In particular, our results demonstrate that LoF mutations shape diverse phenotypic traits. Overall, our results highlight the importance of the LoF variants for the adaptation and phenotypic diversification of plants.
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【期刊論文】Rice FLUORESCENT1 Is Involved in the Regulation of Chlorophyll
Plant and Cell Physiology,2019,60(10):2307–2318
2019年10月01日
Chlorophyll biosynthesis plays essential roles in photosynthesis and plant growth in response to environmental conditions. The accumulation of excess chlorophyll biosynthesis intermediates under light results in the production of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress. In this study, we identified a rice (Oryza sativa) mutant, oxidation under photoperiod (oxp), that displayed photobleached lesions on its leaves, reduced growth and decreased chlorophyll content during light/dark cycles or following a dark-to-light transition. The oxp mutant accumulated more chlorophyll precursors (5-aminolevulinic acid and protochlorophyllide) than the wild type in the dark, and more singlet oxygen following light exposure. Several singlet-oxygen-responsive genes were greatly upregulated in oxp, whereas the expression patterns of OsPORA and OsPORB, two genes encoding the chlorophyll biosynthesis enzyme NADPH:protochlorop hyllide oxidoreductase, were altered in de-etiolated oxp seedlings. Molecular and complementation studies revealed that oxp is a loss-of-function mutant in LOC_Os01g32730, a homolog of FLUORESCENT (FLU) in Arabidopsis thaliana. Rice PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR-LIKE14 (OsPIL14) transcription factor directly bound to the OsFLU1 promoter and activated its expression. Dark-grown transgenic rice seedlings overexpressing OsPIL14 accumulated more chlorophyll and turned green faster than the wild type upon light illumination. Thus, OsFLU1 is an important regulator of chlorophyll biosynthesis in rice.
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【期刊論文】Parallel Speciation of Wild Rice Associated with Habitat Shifts
Molecular Biology and Evolution,2019,36(5):875–889
2019年05月01日
The occurrence of parallel speciation strongly implies the action of natural selection. However, it is unclear how general a phenomena parallel speciation is since it was only shown in a small number of animal species. In particular, the adaptive process and mechanisms underlying the process of parallel speciation remain elusive. Here, we used an integrative approach incorporating population genomics, common garden, and crossing experiments to investigate parallel speciation of the wild rice species Oryza nivara from O. rufipogon. We demonstrated that O. nivara originated multiple times from different O. rufipogon populations and revealed that different O. nivara populations have evolved similar phenotypes under divergent selection, a reflection of recurrent local adaptation of ancient O. rufipogon populations to dry habitats. Almost completed premating isolation was detected between O. nivara and O. rufipogon in the absence of any postmating barriers between and within these species. These results suggest that flowering time is a “magic” trait that contributes to both local adaptation and reproductive isolation in the origin of wild rice species. Our study thus demonstrates a convincing case of parallel ecological speciation as a consequence of adaptation to new environments.
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Annals of Botany,2019,123(3):441–450
2019年02月15日
Background and Aims Plant elemental composition is of fundamental importance for plant growth and metabolic functions. However, knowledge of how multi-elemental stoichiometry responds to varying nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availabilities remains limited. Methods We conducted experimental manipulations with nine repeat experiments to investigate the effects of N and P supply on the concentrations and variability of six elements, carbon (C), N, P, potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg), in leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana. Key Results N supply increased the concentrations of N, K and Mg, decreased the concentration of P, but exerted little influence on the concentrations of C and Ca in green leaves. P supply increased the concentrations of P and Ca, decreased the concentration of C, initially increased and then decreased the concentration of K, but showed little influence on the concentrations of N and Mg in green leaves. Multivariate patterns among the concentrations of these six elements in green leaves was influenced by the type of nutrient supply (i.e. N or P). Elemental variability decreased with increasing elemental concentrations in green leaves at the intraspecific level, supporting the Stability of Limiting Elements Hypothesis that was originally proposed from a meta-analysis of pooled data across species or communities. Compared with green leaves, the senesced leaves showed greater variability in C, N, P, K and Mg concentrations but lower variability in Ca concentration. Conclusions N and P supplies exerted differential influences on the concentrations of C, N, P, K, Ca and Mg in green leaves. The specific C content should be considered when assessing C cycling under global nutrient changes. Stage-dependent patterns of leaf stoichiometric homeostasis differed among elements with various chemical characteristics. These findings can help to improve our understanding of plant eco-physiological responses and acclimation under global nutrient changes from the stoichiometric perspective of multiple elements.
Arabidopsis thaliana,, multiple elements,, N and P supply,, plant stoichiometry,, scaling relationship,, variability
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PNAS,2019,116(9):3494-3501
2019年02月26日
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a chilling-sensitive staple crop that originated in subtropical regions of Asia. Introduction of the chilling tolerance trait enables the expansion of rice cultivation to temperate regions. Here we report the cloning and characterization of HAN1, a quantitative trait locus (QTL) that confers chilling tolerance on temperate japonica rice. HAN1 encodes an oxidase that catalyzes the conversion of biologically active jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine (JA-Ile) to the inactive form 12-hydroxy-JA-Ile (12OH-JA-Ile) and fine-tunes the JA-mediated chilling response. Natural variants in HAN1 diverged between indica and japonica rice during domestication. A specific allele from temperate japonica rice, which gained a putative MYB cis-element in the promoter of HAN1 during the divergence of the two japonica ecotypes, enhances the chilling tolerance of temperate japonica rice and allows it to adapt to a temperate climate. The results of this study extend our understanding of the northward expansion of rice cultivation and provide a target gene for the improvement of chilling tolerance in rice.
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